Political Accountability and Good Governance

Abstract

Political accountability is a fundamental component of good governance because it requires public authorities to explain, justify, and take responsibility for decisions and actions taken in the exercise of public power. In a democratic system, accountability operates through elections, legislatures, courts, independent institutions, media, civil society, administrative procedures, and public participation. Good governance also requires transparency, responsiveness, effectiveness, rule of law, inclusiveness, and integrity. This paper examines nine major dimensions of political accountability and good governance, including constitutional foundations, transparency, legislative oversight, judicial review, electoral accountability, administrative responsibility, citizen participation, anti-corruption mechanisms, and contemporary challenges.